Phrasebook

em To have to do something / must   »   ad ШIэгъэн фае

72 [seventy-two]

To have to do something / must

To have to do something / must

72 [тIокIищрэ пшIыкIутIурэ]

72 [tIokIishhrje pshIykIutIurje]

ШIэгъэн фае

ShIjegjen fae

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must ш-эгъэн --е ш______ ф__ ш-э-ъ-н ф-е ----------- шIэгъэн фае 0
S-I-egje--fae S________ f__ S-I-e-j-n f-e ------------- ShIjegjen fae
I must post the letter. С----с-м- з--эх-ын-ф-е. С_ п_____ з_______ ф___ С- п-с-м- з-ъ-х-ы- ф-е- ----------------------- Сэ письмэ згъэхьын фае. 0
Sh---g-en--ae S________ f__ S-I-e-j-n f-e ------------- ShIjegjen fae
I must pay the hotel. С- хьак-э-ы--I-р--т----ае. С_ х____________ с___ ф___ С- х-а-I-щ-п-I-р с-ы- ф-е- -------------------------- Сэ хьакIэщыпкIэр стын фае. 0
shIj---en fae s________ f__ s-I-e-j-n f-e ------------- shIjegjen fae
You must get up early. О---эу -----эджы- --е. О ж___ у_________ ф___ О ж-э- у-ъ-т-д-ы- ф-е- ---------------------- О жьэу укъэтэджын фае. 0
shIj----n --e s________ f__ s-I-e-j-n f-e ------------- shIjegjen fae
You must work a lot. О -о---э-п-Iэн ф-е. О I_____ п____ ф___ О I-ф-б- п-I-н ф-е- ------------------- О Iофыбэ пшIэн фае. 0
s--j--jen --e s________ f__ s-I-e-j-n f-e ------------- shIjegjen fae
You must be punctual. Ш--п-ъ---э-пх----н--а-. Ш_________ п______ ф___ Ш-ы-к-а-ъ- п-э-ъ-н ф-е- ----------------------- Шъыпкъагъэ пхэлъын фае. 0
Sje p--'mje--gj-h'------. S__ p______ z_______ f___ S-e p-s-m-e z-j-h-y- f-e- ------------------------- Sje pis'mje zgjeh'yn fae.
He must fuel / get petrol / get gas (am.). Ащ ---у---ы--)-г-э-т--ы-хъэ---ы--аг-. А_ (__________ г___________ и________ А- (-ъ-л-ф-г-) г-э-т-н-п-ъ- и-ы-I-г-. ------------------------------------- Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) гъэстыныпхъэ ищыкIагъ. 0
S-e---a-I-e-h----Ijer--t---f--. S__ h________________ s___ f___ S-e h-a-I-e-h-y-k-j-r s-y- f-e- ------------------------------- Sje h'akIjeshhypkIjer styn fae.
He must repair the car. А- (-ъу--ф-г-) -аш--э- ыгъ--эк--жьы- -а-. А_ (__________ м______ ы____________ ф___ А- (-ъ-л-ф-г-) м-ш-н-р ы-ъ-ц-к-э-ь-н ф-е- ----------------------------------------- Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) машинэр ыгъэцэкIэжьын фае. 0
O zh-j-------t-ed-h-n ---. O z_____ u___________ f___ O z-'-e- u-j-t-e-z-y- f-e- -------------------------- O zh'jeu ukjetjedzhyn fae.
He must wash the car. Ащ (х-у--фы-ъ) -аш-н-р ытх-акI---ф--. А_ (__________ м______ ы________ ф___ А- (-ъ-л-ф-г-) м-ш-н-р ы-х-а-I-н ф-е- ------------------------------------- Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) машинэр ытхьакIын фае. 0
O -of-bje -s----- -a-. O I______ p______ f___ O I-f-b-e p-h-j-n f-e- ---------------------- O Iofybje pshIjen fae.
She must shop. А- (--ылъфы-ъ)-щэ----ф-е. А_ (__________ щ____ ф___ А- (-з-л-ф-г-) щ-ф-н ф-е- ------------------------- Ар (бзылъфыгъ) щэфэн фае. 0
O-Iof-bje ps--j-- --e. O I______ p______ f___ O I-f-b-e p-h-j-n f-e- ---------------------- O Iofybje pshIjen fae.
She must clean the apartment. Ащ (бз--ъф-г-) ун-р з--ихын-фае. А_ (__________ у___ з______ ф___ А- (-з-л-ф-г-) у-э- з-I-х-н ф-е- -------------------------------- Ащ (бзылъфыгъ) унэр зэIихын фае. 0
O--of--je p-hIj-n --e. O I______ p______ f___ O I-f-b-e p-h-j-n f-e- ---------------------- O Iofybje pshIjen fae.
She must wash the clothes. А---б-ыл-фыг---г-к--н--ае. А_ (__________ г_____ ф___ А- (-з-л-ф-г-) г-к-э- ф-е- -------------------------- Ар (бзылъфыгъ) гыкIэн фае. 0
Sh---a--e -hje--n--ae. S________ p______ f___ S-y-k-g-e p-j-l-n f-e- ---------------------- Shypkagje phjelyn fae.
We must go to school at once. Т--д-ы--дэм--джап-эм ты-----фа-. Т_ д_______ е_______ т_____ ф___ Т- д-ы-э-э- е-ж-п-э- т-к-о- ф-е- -------------------------------- Тэ джыдэдэм еджапIэм тыкIон фае. 0
Shy-k---- p---ly--f--. S________ p______ f___ S-y-k-g-e p-j-l-n f-e- ---------------------- Shypkagje phjelyn fae.
We must go to work at once. Т--дж-д---м---ф-ш-----к-он -ае. Т_ д_______ I______ т_____ ф___ Т- д-ы-э-э- I-ф-ш-э т-к-о- ф-е- ------------------------------- Тэ джыдэдэм IофышIэ тыкIон фае. 0
S-yp-ag-e -h----n f-e. S________ p______ f___ S-y-k-g-e p-j-l-n f-e- ---------------------- Shypkagje phjelyn fae.
We must go to the doctor at once. Т- -жы-эд-м в-а-ым д--ь -ы-I---ф-е. Т_ д_______ в_____ д___ т_____ ф___ Т- д-ы-э-э- в-а-ы- д-ж- т-к-о- ф-е- ----------------------------------- Тэ джыдэдэм врачым дэжь тыкIон фае. 0
A-hh-(-u--yg--g--s-yn--h-- is-h-kI--. A___ (_______ g___________ i_________ A-h- (-u-f-g- g-e-t-n-p-j- i-h-y-I-g- ------------------------------------- Ashh (hulfyg) gjestynyphje ishhykIag.
You must wait for the bus. А-т--ус-м --о шъ-ежэ- фа-. А________ ш__ ш______ ф___ А-т-б-с-м ш-о ш-у-ж-н ф-е- -------------------------- Автобусым шъо шъуежэн фае. 0
A--- (hu---g- --e-ty---hje i--hy--a-. A___ (_______ g___________ i_________ A-h- (-u-f-g- g-e-t-n-p-j- i-h-y-I-g- ------------------------------------- Ashh (hulfyg) gjestynyphje ishhykIag.
You must wait for the train. Мэ----у----о--ъ-е-эн-фа-. М_______ ш__ ш______ ф___ М-ш-о-у- ш-о ш-у-ж-н ф-е- ------------------------- МэшIокум шъо шъуежэн фае. 0
A--- ----fyg- g---t------e--sh---Iag. A___ (_______ g___________ i_________ A-h- (-u-f-g- g-e-t-n-p-j- i-h-y-I-g- ------------------------------------- Ashh (hulfyg) gjestynyphje ishhykIag.
You must wait for the taxi. Т-кс--- --о--ъ-е--- ф-е. Т______ ш__ ш______ ф___ Т-к-и-м ш-о ш-у-ж-н ф-е- ------------------------ Таксиим шъо шъуежэн фае. 0
As-h ---lfyg)-mas----er y--ec----je-h'-n--a-. A___ (_______ m________ y_______________ f___ A-h- (-u-f-g- m-s-i-j-r y-j-c-e-I-e-h-y- f-e- --------------------------------------------- Ashh (hulfyg) mashinjer ygjecjekIjezh'yn fae.

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Why are there so many different languages?

Today there are more than 6,000 different languages worldwide. This is why we need interpreters and translators. A very long time ago, everyone still spoke the same language. That changed, however, when people began to migrate. They left their African homeland and moved around the world. This spatial separation lead to a linguistic separation as well. Because each people developed its own form of communication. Many different languages evolved from the common proto-language. But man never remained in one place for very long. So the languages became increasingly separated from each other. Somewhere along the line, a common root could no longer be recognized. Furthermore, no people lived in isolation for thousands of years. There was always contact with other peoples. This changed the languages. They took on elements from foreign languages or they merged. Because of this, the progression of the languages never stopped. Therefore, migrations and contact with new peoples explain the multitude of languages. Why languages are so different is another question, however. Every evolution follows certain rules. So there must be a reason for languages being the way they are. For these reasons scientists have been interested in them for years. They would like to know why languages develop differently. In order to research that, one must trace the history of languages. Then one can identify what changed when. It is still unknown what influences the development of languages. Cultural factors appear to be more important than biological factors. That is to say, the history of different peoples shaped their languages. Obviously, languages tell us more than we know…