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em Giving reasons 2   »   ad Зыгорэм ишъхьаусыгъохэр къэгъэлъэгъон 2

76 [seventy-six]

Giving reasons 2

Giving reasons 2

76 [тIокIищрэ пшIыкIухырэ]

76 [tIokIishhrje pshIykIuhyrje]

Зыгорэм ишъхьаусыгъохэр къэгъэлъэгъон 2

Zygorjem ishh'ausygohjer kjegjeljegon 2

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Why didn’t you come? С--а у-ъы-ы----ы-I-а-ъэр? С___ у___________________ С-д- у-ъ-з-к-э-ы-I-а-ъ-р- ------------------------- Сыда укъызыкIэмыкIуагъэр? 0
Sy-- -kyz-k--em---uag---? S___ u___________________ S-d- u-y-y-I-e-y-I-a-j-r- ------------------------- Syda ukyzykIjemykIuagjer?
I was ill. С--ъ--щэ---. С___________ С-г-о-щ-я-ъ- ------------ Сыгъойщэягъ. 0
Sy-- ukyz---j-myk--ag-e-? S___ u___________________ S-d- u-y-y-I-e-y-I-a-j-r- ------------------------- Syda ukyzykIjemykIuagjer?
I didn’t come because I was ill. С--ъ---к--мы--ог--г-эр------йщэяг-эш---р-.. С_____________________ с_____________ а____ С-к-ы-ы-I-м-к-о-ъ-г-э- с-г-о-щ-я-ъ-ш- а-ы-. ------------------------------------------- СыкъызыкIэмыкIогъагъэр сыгъойщэягъэшъ ары.. 0
Syd- -k--ykI-----I-a-j-r? S___ u___________________ S-d- u-y-y-I-e-y-I-a-j-r- ------------------------- Syda ukyzykIjemykIuagjer?
Why didn’t she come? С-д---р --з-л-ф-г-- -ъызык--мыкIу-гъ-р? С___ а_ (__________ к__________________ С-д- а- (-з-л-ф-г-) к-ы-ы-I-м-к-у-г-э-? --------------------------------------- Сыда ар (бзылъфыгъ) къызыкIэмыкIуагъэр? 0
Sy-o-s-hje-a-. S_____________ S-g-j-h-j-j-g- -------------- Sygojshhjejag.
She was tired. Ар---ъы--агъ-. А_ п__________ А- п-ъ-г-а-ъ-. -------------- Ар пшъыгъагъэ. 0
Sygoj----eja-. S_____________ S-g-j-h-j-j-g- -------------- Sygojshhjejag.
She didn’t come because she was tired. Ар------ъ-------ъызы---м-кI-аг----пшъ-гъаг-э---ары. А_ (__________ к_________________ п___________ а___ А- (-з-л-ф-г-) к-ы-ы-I-м-к-у-г-э- п-ъ-г-а-ъ-ш- а-ы- --------------------------------------------------- Ар (бзылъфыгъ) къызыкIэмыкIуагъэр пшъыгъагъэшъ ары. 0
Syg---hh--j--. S_____________ S-g-j-h-j-j-g- -------------- Sygojshhjejag.
Why didn’t he come? С-д- -р--х----ф-г---к-ы----э-ыкIу-г-эр? С___ а_ (__________ к__________________ С-д- а- (-ъ-л-ф-г-) к-ы-ы-I-м-к-у-г-э-? --------------------------------------- Сыда ар (хъулъфыгъ) къызыкIэмыкIуагъэр? 0
Syky-y-Ij---k--ga--er--y-o-s--j-j------ a---. S____________________ s________________ a____ S-k-z-k-j-m-k-o-a-j-r s-g-j-h-j-j-g-e-h a-y-. --------------------------------------------- SykyzykIjemykIogagjer sygojshhjejagjesh ary..
He wasn’t interested. Ф-ч-----э-. Ф__________ Ф-ч-ф-г-э-. ----------- Фэчэфыгъэп. 0
Syk----I--myk------er----ojshhj-j-g--s----y-. S____________________ s________________ a____ S-k-z-k-j-m-k-o-a-j-r s-g-j-h-j-j-g-e-h a-y-. --------------------------------------------- SykyzykIjemykIogagjer sygojshhjejagjesh ary..
He didn’t come because he wasn’t interested. А--к-ы--к----к---г-э--к---Iо-э- фэчэ--г-эпышъ-а--. А_ к_________________ к________ ф____________ а___ А- к-ы-ы-I-м-к-у-г-э- к-э-I-н-у ф-ч-ф-г-э-ы-ъ а-ы- -------------------------------------------------- Ар къызыкIэмыкIуагъэр къэкIонэу фэчэфыгъэпышъ ары. 0
S-kyz-kIj--ykI-gagje- -y-------eja--e-----y.. S____________________ s________________ a____ S-k-z-k-j-m-k-o-a-j-r s-g-j-h-j-j-g-e-h a-y-. --------------------------------------------- SykyzykIjemykIogagjer sygojshhjejagjesh ary..
Why didn’t you come? С--------ъ-зы-Iэ-ы---а-ъэ-? С___ ш_____________________ С-д- ш-у-ъ-з-к-э-ы-I-а-ъ-р- --------------------------- Сыда шъукъызыкIэмыкIуагъэр? 0
Sy-a--r--bz-lfy-)---z-k-jem-k------r? S___ a_ (________ k__________________ S-d- a- (-z-l-y-) k-z-k-j-m-k-u-g-e-? ------------------------------------- Syda ar (bzylfyg) kyzykIjemykIuagjer?
Our car is damaged. Т---ш-н- --у----агъэ. Т_______ к___________ Т-м-ш-н- к-у-э-ъ-г-э- --------------------- Тимашинэ къутэгъагъэ. 0
Sy-- -- (b-y--yg)-k--yk----ykI--g---? S___ a_ (________ k__________________ S-d- a- (-z-l-y-) k-z-k-j-m-k-u-g-e-? ------------------------------------- Syda ar (bzylfyg) kyzykIjemykIuagjer?
We didn’t come because our car is damaged. Т-къ-з-кI-м-кIуагъэр ти-аши-э к--т---а-ъэ---ар-. Т___________________ т_______ к____________ а___ Т-к-ы-ы-I-м-к-у-г-э- т-м-ш-н- к-у-э-ъ-г-э-ъ а-ы- ------------------------------------------------ ТыкъызыкIэмыкIуагъэр тимашинэ къутэгъагъэшъ ары. 0
Sy-a--r --zy-fy---k--ykIj-my-I--g-e-? S___ a_ (________ k__________________ S-d- a- (-z-l-y-) k-z-k-j-m-k-u-g-e-? ------------------------------------- Syda ar (bzylfyg) kyzykIjemykIuagjer?
Why didn’t the people come? С--а -I-фхэр-к-ызы-I---кI---ъ-х--? С___ ц______ к____________________ С-д- ц-ы-х-р к-ы-ы-I-м-к-у-г-э-э-? ---------------------------------- Сыда цIыфхэр къызыкIэмыкIуагъэхэр? 0
A- -s----gj-. A_ p_________ A- p-h-g-g-e- ------------- Ar pshygagje.
They missed the train. М-ш-оку- къ--и-а--э-. М_______ к___________ М-ш-о-у- к-ы-и-а-ъ-х- --------------------- МэшIокум къыщинагъэх. 0
A-----y---j-. A_ p_________ A- p-h-g-g-e- ------------- Ar pshygagje.
They didn’t come because they missed the train. А--р--ъ-зы-I-------г--хэр -эшIо-ум -ъы-и-аг----шъ а--. А___ к___________________ м_______ к_____________ а___ А-э- к-ы-ы-I-м-к-у-г-э-э- м-ш-о-у- к-ы-и-а-ъ-х-ш- а-ы- ------------------------------------------------------ Ахэр къызыкIэмыкIуагъэхэр мэшIокум къыщинагъэхэшъ ары. 0
Ar p---gag-e. A_ p_________ A- p-h-g-g-e- ------------- Ar pshygagje.
Why didn’t you come? Сыда укъызы-Iэм-к---гъэр? С___ у___________________ С-д- у-ъ-з-к-э-ы-I-а-ъ-р- ------------------------- Сыда укъызыкIэмыкIуагъэр? 0
Ar (bz-l-----k--yk-j-mykI-a-j-r-p-h-ga--es- ar-. A_ (________ k_________________ p__________ a___ A- (-z-l-y-) k-z-k-j-m-k-u-g-e- p-h-g-g-e-h a-y- ------------------------------------------------ Ar (bzylfyg) kyzykIjemykIuagjer pshygagjesh ary.
I was not allowed to. Сы--эк-о-----ыф-т---э-. С__________ с__________ С-к-э-I-н-у с-ф-т-г-э-. ----------------------- СыкъэкIонэу сыфитыгъэп. 0
A---bzylf--- k--y----m-kIu-gje---s---agjes- -ry. A_ (________ k_________________ p__________ a___ A- (-z-l-y-) k-z-k-j-m-k-u-g-e- p-h-g-g-e-h a-y- ------------------------------------------------ Ar (bzylfyg) kyzykIjemykIuagjer pshygagjesh ary.
I didn’t come because I was not allowed to. Сэ-------ы--эм---уаг--р-сыф----ъ-пыш- -ры. С_ с___________________ с____________ а___ С- с-к-ы-ы-I-м-к-у-г-э- с-ф-т-г-э-ы-ъ а-ы- ------------------------------------------ Сэ сыкъызыкIэмыкIуагъэр сыфитыгъэпышъ ары. 0
Ar ---y-fy-- ky-yk--em-k---gje---s--ga-je-- a-y. A_ (________ k_________________ p__________ a___ A- (-z-l-y-) k-z-k-j-m-k-u-g-e- p-h-g-g-e-h a-y- ------------------------------------------------ Ar (bzylfyg) kyzykIjemykIuagjer pshygagjesh ary.

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The indigenous languages of America

Many different languages are spoken in America. English is the main language in North America. Spanish and Portuguese dominate in South America. All of these languages came to America from Europe. Before colonization, other languages were spoken there. These languages are known as the indigenous languages of America. Until today, they haven't been explored substantially. The variety of these languages is enormous. It is estimated that there are about 60 language families in North America. In South America there could even be as many as 150. Additionally, there are many isolated languages. All of these languages are very different. They exhibit only a few common structures. Therefore, it is difficult to classify the languages. The reason for their differences lies in the history of America. America was colonized in several stages. The first people came to America over more than 10,000 years ago. Each population brought its language to the continent. The indigenous languages are most similar to Asian languages. The situation regarding America's ancient languages isn't the same everywhere. Many Native American languages are still in use in South America. Languages like Guarani or Quechua have millions of active speakers. By contrast, many languages in North America are almost extinct. The culture of the Native Americans of North America was long oppressed. In the process, their languages were lost. But interest in them has increased in the last few decades. There are many programs that aim to nurture and protect the languages. So they could have a future after all…