Phrasebook

em Subordinate clauses: that 2   »   ad ГущыIэухыгъэ гуадзэхэр 2

92 [ninety-two]

Subordinate clauses: that 2

Subordinate clauses: that 2

92 [тIокIиплIырэ пшIыкIутIурэ]

92 [tIokIiplIyrje pshIykIutIurje]

ГущыIэухыгъэ гуадзэхэр 2

GushhyIjeuhygje guadzjehjer 2

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I’m angry that you snore. У--pэ-ы-хъ-рэр-с-гу-те--рэп. У_____________ с___ т_______ У-э-э-ы-х-э-э- с-г- т-ф-р-п- ---------------------------- Узэpэпырхъэрэр сыгу тефэрэп. 0
G-s--y--eu-yg------dz-eh-er 2 G______________ g__________ 2 G-s-h-I-e-h-g-e g-a-z-e-j-r 2 ----------------------------- GushhyIjeuhygje guadzjehjer 2
I’m angry that you drink so much beer. П-в- --щэ -эр-п--ур-р-------------. П___ б___ з__________ с___ т_______ П-в- б-щ- з-р-п-ъ-р-р с-г- т-ф-р-п- ----------------------------------- Пивэ бащэ зэрипшъурэр сыгу тефэрэп. 0
G-s-h--jeuhygj--g--dz--hje--2 G______________ g__________ 2 G-s-h-I-e-h-g-e g-a-z-e-j-r 2 ----------------------------- GushhyIjeuhygje guadzjehjer 2
I’m angry that you come so late. К--сэу у--ыз-р--экIы-ь--- с----теф----. К_____ у_________________ с___ т_______ К-а-э- у-ъ-з-р-х-к-ы-ь-э- с-г- т-ф-р-п- --------------------------------------- КIасэу укъызэрэхэкIыжьрэр сыгу тефэрэп. 0
U-je---py----rjer -y-u t-f--rje-. U________________ s___ t_________ U-j-p-e-y-h-e-j-r s-g- t-f-e-j-p- --------------------------------- Uzjepjepyrhjerjer sygu tefjerjep.
I think he needs a doctor. С--эг--, ащ---а- и-ы--а-ъ. С_______ а_ в___ и________ С-н-г-е- а- в-а- и-ы-I-г-. -------------------------- Сенэгуе, ащ врач ищыкIагъ. 0
Uz-epj---r-j--jer --g---e-jer---. U________________ s___ t_________ U-j-p-e-y-h-e-j-r s-g- t-f-e-j-p- --------------------------------- Uzjepjepyrhjerjer sygu tefjerjep.
I think he is ill. С-нэг-е- ар-с-м--ж. С_______ а_ с______ С-н-г-е- а- с-м-д-. ------------------- Сенэгуе, ар сымадж. 0
U--epj-py-hj-rje- --gu -e---r-ep. U________________ s___ t_________ U-j-p-e-y-h-e-j-r s-g- t-f-e-j-p- --------------------------------- Uzjepjepyrhjerjer sygu tefjerjep.
I think he is sleeping now. С--эгуе-------ыд---- м-----. С_______ а_ д_______ м______ С-н-г-е- а- д-ы-э-э- м-ч-ы-. ---------------------------- Сенэгуе, ар джыдэдэм мэчъые. 0
Piv-- -ash--- -j--ip----je-----u -e-j--j-p. P____ b______ z____________ s___ t_________ P-v-e b-s-h-e z-e-i-s-u-j-r s-g- t-f-e-j-p- ------------------------------------------- Pivje bashhje zjeripshurjer sygu tefjerjep.
We hope that he marries our daughter. Ти-ш---ъэ---энэ--т-г---э. Т________ ы_____ т_______ Т-п-ъ-ш-э ы-э-э- т-г-г-э- ------------------------- Типшъашъэ ыщэнэу тэгугъэ. 0
Pi-j- -a--h---z-e-ipshu-je---------f---je-. P____ b______ z____________ s___ t_________ P-v-e b-s-h-e z-e-i-s-u-j-r s-g- t-f-e-j-p- ------------------------------------------- Pivje bashhje zjeripshurjer sygu tefjerjep.
We hope that he has a lot of money. А---э и-ъ-е- ------э. А____ и_____ т_______ А-ъ-э и-ъ-е- т-г-г-э- --------------------- Ахъщэ ихъоеу тэгугъэ. 0
P-v-e ba----e -j---psh-r-e- ---u--e-je----. P____ b______ z____________ s___ t_________ P-v-e b-s-h-e z-e-i-s-u-j-r s-g- t-f-e-j-p- ------------------------------------------- Pivje bashhje zjeripshurjer sygu tefjerjep.
We hope that he is a millionaire. А----л-------- --г-гъ-. А_ м__________ т_______ А- м-л-и-н-р-у т-г-г-э- ----------------------- Ар миллионерэу тэгугъэ. 0
KIa--eu u--z---j--j-k--z-----r s-gu-----e-je-. K______ u_____________________ s___ t_________ K-a-j-u u-y-j-r-e-j-k-y-h-r-e- s-g- t-f-e-j-p- ---------------------------------------------- KIasjeu ukyzjerjehjekIyzh'rjer sygu tefjerjep.
I heard that your wife had an accident. Сэ--иш---эг---э ---ш--з- т--амы------ к---ъу--аг--у-зэхэ--ыгъ. С_ у___________ (_______ т___________ к____________ з_________ С- у-ш-х-э-ъ-с- (-и-ъ-з- т-ь-м-к-а-ъ- к-е-ъ-л-а-ъ-у з-х-с-ы-ъ- -------------------------------------------------------------- Сэ уишъхьэгъусэ (уишъуз) тхьамыкIагъо къехъулIагъэу зэхэсхыгъ. 0
S--jeg--,----- vrac----hh-----. S________ a___ v____ i_________ S-n-e-u-, a-h- v-a-h i-h-y-I-g- ------------------------------- Senjegue, ashh vrach ishhykIag.
I heard that she is in the hospital. Сэ-ар -ым-джэщым ч--л-----э--с-ыг-. С_ а_ с_________ ч______ з_________ С- а- с-м-д-э-ы- ч-э-ъ-у з-х-с-ы-ъ- ----------------------------------- Сэ ар сымэджэщым чIэлъэу зэхэсхыгъ. 0
S-n--g-e- a-h- v-----i---y-Iag. S________ a___ v____ i_________ S-n-e-u-, a-h- v-a-h i-h-y-I-g- ------------------------------- Senjegue, ashh vrach ishhykIag.
I heard that your car is completely wrecked. С- у-ма-инэ-I-еу---х-къу--гъ-- з---схы-ъ. С_ у_______ I___ з____________ з_________ С- у-м-ш-н- I-е- з-х-к-у-а-ъ-у з-х-с-ы-ъ- ----------------------------------------- Сэ уимашинэ Iаеу зэхэкъутагъэу зэхэсхыгъ. 0
S-n--g-e, -sh- v-a-h -s-h-----. S________ a___ v____ i_________ S-n-e-u-, a-h- v-a-h i-h-y-I-g- ------------------------------- Senjegue, ashh vrach ishhykIag.
I’m happy that you came. Шъ-к-ы-э--к-уа-ъ-р---гу-пэ. Ш_________________ с_______ Ш-у-ъ-з-р-к-у-г-э- с-г-а-э- --------------------------- ШъукъызэрэкIуагъэр сигуапэ. 0
Se-jegu-, ------a---. S________ a_ s_______ S-n-e-u-, a- s-m-d-h- --------------------- Senjegue, ar symadzh.
I’m happy that you are interested. Зэ-эшъуш---ъэш-э-ъо----сигу-пэ. З_____________________ с_______ З-р-ш-у-I-г-э-I-г-о-ы- с-г-а-э- ------------------------------- ЗэрэшъушIогъэшIэгъоныр сигуапэ. 0
Senjegu-- -----m----. S________ a_ s_______ S-n-e-u-, a- s-m-d-h- --------------------- Senjegue, ar symadzh.
I’m happy that you want to buy the house. Унэр шъу-эф- -эрэшъу-Iои-ъо--с-г-а--. У___ ш______ з______________ с_______ У-э- ш-у-э-ы з-р-ш-у-I-и-ъ-р с-г-а-э- ------------------------------------- Унэр шъущэфы зэрэшъушIоигъор сигуапэ. 0
S-njegu-- ar s--a--h. S________ a_ s_______ S-n-e-u-, a- s-m-d-h- --------------------- Senjegue, ar symadzh.
I’m afraid the last bus has already gone. А--ырэ -втобу-ыр-Iу-I-г-а--у --гу----. А_____ а________ I__________ с________ А-ж-р- а-т-б-с-р I-к-ы-ъ-х-у с-г-ц-ф-. -------------------------------------- Аужырэ автобусыр IукIыгъахэу сегуцафэ. 0
Senjeg-e---r-dzhydj--je- m-ec-ye. S________ a_ d__________ m_______ S-n-e-u-, a- d-h-d-e-j-m m-e-h-e- --------------------------------- Senjegue, ar dzhydjedjem mjechye.
I’m afraid we will have to take a taxi. Та-си--штэн фае- хъун-у се-у-а--. Т____ т____ ф___ х_____ с________ Т-к-и т-т-н ф-е- х-у-э- с-г-ц-ф-. --------------------------------- Такси тштэн фаеу хъунэу сегуцафэ. 0
S----g--, -r--zh--j-d-em--je-h-e. S________ a_ d__________ m_______ S-n-e-u-, a- d-h-d-e-j-m m-e-h-e- --------------------------------- Senjegue, ar dzhydjedjem mjechye.
I’m afraid I have no more money. Ах----къы--д-сымы-т-гъэ---егу-афэ. А____ к_________________ с________ А-ъ-э к-ы-ы-э-ы-ы-т-г-э- с-г-ц-ф-. ---------------------------------- Ахъщэ къызыдэсымыштагъэу сегуцафэ. 0
Se---gue- a---z--d-e-je- -j-c-y-. S________ a_ d__________ m_______ S-n-e-u-, a- d-h-d-e-j-m m-e-h-e- --------------------------------- Senjegue, ar dzhydjedjem mjechye.

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From gestures to speech

When we speak or listen, our brain has a lot to do. It has to process the linguistic signals. Gestures and symbols are linguistic signals too. They existed even before human speech. Some symbols are understood in all cultures. Others have to be learned. They can't be understood just by looking at them. Gestures and symbols are processed like speech. And they are processed in the same area of the brain! A new study has proven this. Researchers tested several test subjects. These test subjects had to view various video clips. While they were watching the clips, their brain activity was measured. In one group, the clips expressed various things. These occurred through movements, symbols and speech. The other test group watched different video clips. These videos were nonsense clips. Speech, gestures and symbols didn't exist. They had no meaning. In the measurements, the researchers saw what was processed where. They could compare the brain activity of the test subjects. Everything that had meaning was analyzed in the same area. The results of this experiment are very interesting. They show how our brain has learned language over time. At first, man communicated with gestures. Later he developed a language. The brain had to learn, therefore, to process speech like gestures. And evidently it simply updated the old version …