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em At the train station   »   ad Вокзалым

33 [thirty-three]

At the train station

At the train station

33 [щэкIырэ щырэ]

33 [shhjekIyrje shhyrje]

Вокзалым

Vokzalym

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When is the next train to Berlin? С-д----- зы-укIыщ-ы- --ы----ъ--Iо-э м---о----Б-р-ин ----эр? С_______ з__________ к_____________ м_______ Б_____ к______ С-д-г-у- з-I-к-ы-т-р к-ы-I-л-ы-I-р- м-ш-о-о- Б-р-и- к-о-э-? ----------------------------------------------------------- Сыдигъуа зыIукIыщтыр къыкIэлъыкIорэ мэшIокоу Берлин кIорэр? 0
V--z-l-m V_______ V-k-a-y- -------- Vokzalym
When is the next train to Paris? С-диг----з--укIы-т-р--ъы-Iэ--ы---р- м----ко---ар---кI--эр? С_______ з__________ к_____________ м_______ П____ к______ С-д-г-у- з-I-к-ы-т-р к-ы-I-л-ы-I-р- м-ш-о-о- П-р-ж к-о-э-? ---------------------------------------------------------- Сыдигъуа зыIукIыщтыр къыкIэлъыкIорэ мэшIокоу Париж кIорэр? 0
Vo-z--ym V_______ V-k-a-y- -------- Vokzalym
When is the next train to London? С-д----а -ыI-кIыщ--р к--к-эл-ык-ор--м-ш--к-у-Л-ндо---Iорэр? С_______ з__________ к_____________ м_______ Л_____ к______ С-д-г-у- з-I-к-ы-т-р к-ы-I-л-ы-I-р- м-ш-о-о- Л-н-о- к-о-э-? ----------------------------------------------------------- Сыдигъуа зыIукIыщтыр къыкIэлъыкIорэ мэшIокоу Лондон кIорэр? 0
S-dig-- zy--kI---h-y--kykI---ykIorje----s--ok---Be-l-n-k--r---? S______ z____________ k_____________ m_________ B_____ k_______ S-d-g-a z-I-k-y-h-t-r k-k-j-l-k-o-j- m-e-h-o-o- B-r-i- k-o-j-r- --------------------------------------------------------------- Sydigua zyIukIyshhtyr kykIjelykIorje mjeshIokou Berlin kIorjer?
When does the train for Warsaw leave? В-р-ав- --орэ мэ-Iок-р------ты- -х---ш-м Iук-ы-т? В______ к____ м_______ с_______ т_______ I_______ В-р-а-э к-о-э м-ш-о-у- с-х-а-ы- т-ь-п-ы- I-к-ы-т- ------------------------------------------------- Варшавэ кIорэ мэшIокур сыхьатыр тхьапшым IукIыщт? 0
Sy---u---yI-kIysh-t---ky---el--I--j- m--shIo-ou Ber-in-kI--jer? S______ z____________ k_____________ m_________ B_____ k_______ S-d-g-a z-I-k-y-h-t-r k-k-j-l-k-o-j- m-e-h-o-o- B-r-i- k-o-j-r- --------------------------------------------------------------- Sydigua zyIukIyshhtyr kykIjelykIorje mjeshIokou Berlin kIorjer?
When does the train for Stockholm leave? Ст---ольм --о---м-шI-к---сы-ьатыр т--апшы- -ук--щт? С________ к____ м_______ с_______ т_______ I_______ С-о-г-л-м к-о-э м-ш-о-у- с-х-а-ы- т-ь-п-ы- I-к-ы-т- --------------------------------------------------- Стокгольм кIорэ мэшIокур сыхьатыр тхьапшым IукIыщт? 0
Sy--g----y-u-I-s-htyr ky-Ijely--o--- m--s----ou--e-lin--I--j--? S______ z____________ k_____________ m_________ B_____ k_______ S-d-g-a z-I-k-y-h-t-r k-k-j-l-k-o-j- m-e-h-o-o- B-r-i- k-o-j-r- --------------------------------------------------------------- Sydigua zyIukIyshhtyr kykIjelykIorje mjeshIokou Berlin kIorjer?
When does the train for Budapest leave? Буда-е----Iо---м---окур --хь---р-тхьа-ш-м-I----щт? Б_______ к____ м_______ с_______ т_______ I_______ Б-д-п-ш- к-о-э м-ш-о-у- с-х-а-ы- т-ь-п-ы- I-к-ы-т- -------------------------------------------------- Будапешт кIорэ мэшIокур сыхьатыр тхьапшым IукIыщт? 0
Syd-gu-----u-I-----y- -y--jelyk-o--e-mj-shI--ou Pa--z--k-orj-r? S______ z____________ k_____________ m_________ P_____ k_______ S-d-g-a z-I-k-y-h-t-r k-k-j-l-k-o-j- m-e-h-o-o- P-r-z- k-o-j-r- --------------------------------------------------------------- Sydigua zyIukIyshhtyr kykIjelykIorje mjeshIokou Parizh kIorjer?
I’d like a ticket to Madrid. Сэ Мадрид нэ---ы бил----ы---. С_ М_____ н__ з_ б____ с_____ С- М-д-и- н-с з- б-л-т с-ф-й- ----------------------------- Сэ Мадрид нэс зы билет сыфай. 0
S-d--u- zy-u-Iys-htyr -ykI---ykI---e -----I--o- Pa--zh -Iorj-r? S______ z____________ k_____________ m_________ P_____ k_______ S-d-g-a z-I-k-y-h-t-r k-k-j-l-k-o-j- m-e-h-o-o- P-r-z- k-o-j-r- --------------------------------------------------------------- Sydigua zyIukIyshhtyr kykIjelykIorje mjeshIokou Parizh kIorjer?
I’d like a ticket to Prague. Сэ -р-гэ--э- зы--ил-т -ыф--. С_ П____ н__ з_ б____ с_____ С- П-а-э н-с з- б-л-т с-ф-й- ---------------------------- Сэ Прагэ нэс зы билет сыфай. 0
S-d-g-a-zyIu-Iy---tyr------e-ykI-rje-m----Io--u--ari-h-kIo--er? S______ z____________ k_____________ m_________ P_____ k_______ S-d-g-a z-I-k-y-h-t-r k-k-j-l-k-o-j- m-e-h-o-o- P-r-z- k-o-j-r- --------------------------------------------------------------- Sydigua zyIukIyshhtyr kykIjelykIorje mjeshIokou Parizh kIorjer?
I’d like a ticket to Bern. С- Б--н нэс з--биле- сыфа-. С_ Б___ н__ з_ б____ с_____ С- Б-р- н-с з- б-л-т с-ф-й- --------------------------- Сэ Берн нэс зы билет сыфай. 0
Syd---a zy--kI-sh---r--ykIjel-kIorje-m-eshIoko- -ond-n----rj-r? S______ z____________ k_____________ m_________ L_____ k_______ S-d-g-a z-I-k-y-h-t-r k-k-j-l-k-o-j- m-e-h-o-o- L-n-o- k-o-j-r- --------------------------------------------------------------- Sydigua zyIukIyshhtyr kykIjelykIorje mjeshIokou London kIorjer?
When does the train arrive in Vienna? Мэш-оку--сы----уа Ве---къы-ын-с-э-? М_______ с_______ В___ к___________ М-ш-о-у- с-д-г-у- В-н- к-ы-ы-э-р-р- ----------------------------------- МэшIокур сыдигъуа Венэ къызынэсрэр? 0
Sydig-----I--Iy--h-yr-kykI-el--I---e-mj-s-Io--u L--d-n-kIo----? S______ z____________ k_____________ m_________ L_____ k_______ S-d-g-a z-I-k-y-h-t-r k-k-j-l-k-o-j- m-e-h-o-o- L-n-o- k-o-j-r- --------------------------------------------------------------- Sydigua zyIukIyshhtyr kykIjelykIorje mjeshIokou London kIorjer?
When does the train arrive in Moscow? Мэ--окур -ыди--у- М--к-а-к--зын--рэр? М_______ с_______ М_____ к___________ М-ш-о-у- с-д-г-у- М-с-в- к-ы-ы-э-р-р- ------------------------------------- МэшIокур сыдигъуа Москва къызынэсрэр? 0
Syd--ua z-Iu-Iys--ty--k-----l-k-orj- -j-----kou --n-o-----rjer? S______ z____________ k_____________ m_________ L_____ k_______ S-d-g-a z-I-k-y-h-t-r k-k-j-l-k-o-j- m-e-h-o-o- L-n-o- k-o-j-r- --------------------------------------------------------------- Sydigua zyIukIyshhtyr kykIjelykIorje mjeshIokou London kIorjer?
When does the train arrive in Amsterdam? М---о--р сыди-ъ--------р-а---ъ---нэсрэр? М_______ с_______ А________ к___________ М-ш-о-у- с-д-г-у- А-с-е-д-м к-ы-ы-э-р-р- ---------------------------------------- МэшIокур сыдигъуа Амстердам къызынэсрэр? 0
V-rs-avje--I---- -jes--oku- -yh--ty- t--a-s-ym --k-ysh-t? V________ k_____ m_________ s_______ t________ I_________ V-r-h-v-e k-o-j- m-e-h-o-u- s-h-a-y- t-'-p-h-m I-k-y-h-t- --------------------------------------------------------- Varshavje kIorje mjeshIokur syh'atyr th'apshym IukIyshht?
Do I have to change trains? Н---к- си--ы-хь-ж--н-фа-- --у-та? Н_____ с____________ ф___ х______ Н-м-к- с-т-ы-х-а-ь-н ф-е- х-у-т-? --------------------------------- НэмыкI ситIысхьажьын фаеу хъущта? 0
S---go-'--k------m-eshIoku--sy-'-tyr t-'a----m Iu-Iys---? S________ k_____ m_________ s_______ t________ I_________ S-o-g-l-m k-o-j- m-e-h-o-u- s-h-a-y- t-'-p-h-m I-k-y-h-t- --------------------------------------------------------- Stokgol'm kIorje mjeshIokur syh'atyr th'apshym IukIyshht?
From which platform does the train leave? Мэш-о-------ы--ъуа--ыщы---Iр-р? М_______ с________ з___________ М-ш-о-у- с-д-б-ъ-а з-щ-I-к-р-р- ------------------------------- МэшIокур сыдыбгъуа зыщыIукIрэр? 0
Bud-p-s-t------e -j-sh----r-s--'-----t--a--h-- IukI-sh--? B________ k_____ m_________ s_______ t________ I_________ B-d-p-s-t k-o-j- m-e-h-o-u- s-h-a-y- t-'-p-h-m I-k-y-h-t- --------------------------------------------------------- Budapesht kIorje mjeshIokur syh'atyr th'apshym IukIyshht?
Does the train have sleepers? М--мэ-I-кум--ъ--п----р-иI---? М_ м_______ ч_________ и_____ М- м-ш-о-у- ч-ы-п-э-э- и-э-а- ----------------------------- Мы мэшIокум чъыяпIэхэр иIэха? 0
Sje -a-------es -y--ile-----a-. S__ M_____ n___ z_ b____ s_____ S-e M-d-i- n-e- z- b-l-t s-f-j- ------------------------------- Sje Madrid njes zy bilet syfaj.
I’d like a one-way ticket to Brussels. С- ---л-э-ыкъо----с-е-ь нэ- -и-ет--ыфа-. С_ з_ л_______ Б_______ н__ б____ с_____ С- з- л-э-ы-ъ- Б-ю-с-л- н-с б-л-т с-ф-й- ---------------------------------------- Сэ зы лъэныкъо Брюссель нэс билет сыфай. 0
S-e M--ri- n--s--y --l-t s-f-j. S__ M_____ n___ z_ b____ s_____ S-e M-d-i- n-e- z- b-l-t s-f-j- ------------------------------- Sje Madrid njes zy bilet syfaj.
I’d like a return ticket to Copenhagen. Сэ --п-----е- -ык-ыр--Iы----эу-би-е- -ыфа-. С_ К_________ с_______________ б____ с_____ С- К-п-н-а-е- с-к-ы-и-I-ж-ы-э- б-л-т с-ф-й- ------------------------------------------- Сэ Копенгаген сыкъырикIыжьынэу билет сыфай. 0
S-e-M-dr-d-njes-zy-bi----s--a-. S__ M_____ n___ z_ b____ s_____ S-e M-d-i- n-e- z- b-l-t s-f-j- ------------------------------- Sje Madrid njes zy bilet syfaj.
What does a berth in the sleeper cost? Уз--ы-ъыен--л-э--ыщ---а-оны----ы-I---э т-------у-с? У_________ п________ в______ и________ т_____ ы____ У-ы-ы-ъ-е- п-ъ-к-ы-т в-г-н-м и-ы-I-п-э т-ь-п- ы-а-? --------------------------------------------------- Узыщычъыен плъэкIыщт вагоным изычIыпIэ тхьапш ыуас? 0
Sje P-a--- ---s z- ---et -y---. S__ P_____ n___ z_ b____ s_____ S-e P-a-j- n-e- z- b-l-t s-f-j- ------------------------------- Sje Pragje njes zy bilet syfaj.

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Language change

The world in which we live changes every day. As a result, our language can never stagnate. It continues to develop with us and is therefore dynamic. This change can affect all areas of a language. That is to say, it can apply to various aspects. Phonological change affects the sound system of a language. With semantic change, the meaning of words change. Lexical change involves changes to vocabulary. Grammatical change alters grammatical structures. The reasons for linguistic change are varied. Often economic reasons exist. Speakers or writers want to save time or effort. Such being the case, they simplify their speech. Innovations can also promote language change. That is the case, for instance, when new things are invented. These things need names, so new words emerge. Language change is typically not planned. It is a natural process and often happens automatically. But speakers can also vary their language quite consciously. They do that when they want to achieve a certain effect. The influence of foreign languages also promotes language change. This becomes particularly obvious in times of globalization. The English language influences other languages more than any other. You can find English words in almost every language. They are called Anglicisms. Language change has been criticized or feared since ancient times. At the same time, language change is a positive sign. Because it proves: Our language is alive – just like us!
Did you know?
Persian belongs to the Iranian language family. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan. It is important in other countries too, however. Among them are Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Bahrain, Iraq and India. Persian is the native language of approximately 70 million people. An additional 50 million people speak it as a second language. Different dialects are spoken depending on the region. In Iran, the Teheran dialect is considered the standard spoken language. In addition, the official written language of Persian also has to be learned. The Persian semiotic system is a variation of the Arabic alphabet. Persian contains no noun markers. There are also no grammatical genders. In the past Persian was the most important common language of the Orient. When you study Persian you quickly discover a fascinating culture. And Persian literature is among the most significant literary traditions in the world.