Phrasebook

en Past tense of modal verbs 1   »   ad ОсэфэшI глаголмэ яблэкIыгъэ шъуашэр 1

87 [eighty-seven]

Past tense of modal verbs 1

Past tense of modal verbs 1

87 [тIокIиплIырэ блырэ]

87 [tIokIiplIyrje blyrje]

ОсэфэшI глаголмэ яблэкIыгъэ шъуашэр 1

OsjefjeshI glagolmje jabljekIygje shuashjer 1

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We had to water the flowers. Къэ---г-э-э --ы -----кI-----я---. К__________ п__ а________ ф______ К-э-ъ-г-э-э п-ы а-I-т-I-н ф-я-ъ-. --------------------------------- Къэгъагъэмэ псы акIэткIэн фэягъэ. 0
O----je----gl--olmje ---l-ekI--j- shua-hje--1 O_________ g________ j___________ s________ 1 O-j-f-e-h- g-a-o-m-e j-b-j-k-y-j- s-u-s-j-r 1 --------------------------------------------- OsjefjeshI glagolmje jabljekIygje shuashjer 1
We had to clean the apartment. У--- -ъы--I---------фэ-гъэ. У___ к_____________ ф______ У-э- к-ы-э-ы-х-ж-ы- ф-я-ъ-. --------------------------- Унэр къызэIытхыжьын фэягъэ. 0
Osj---es-I-gla-ol--- -ab----Iyg-e -hu--hj-r-1 O_________ g________ j___________ s________ 1 O-j-f-e-h- g-a-o-m-e j-b-j-k-y-j- s-u-s-j-r 1 --------------------------------------------- OsjefjeshI glagolmje jabljekIygje shuashjer 1
We had to wash the dishes. Хь-къу-ш--ъ-----къ-т-хьакIыж----э---ягъ-. Х______________ к________________ ф______ Х-а-ъ---ы-ъ-х-р к-э-т-ь-к-ы-ь-н-э ф-я-ъ-. ----------------------------------------- Хьакъу-шыкъухэр къэттхьакIыжьынхэ фэягъэ. 0
K-ega-jemj--p-y ak-j-t-I-en --eja-j-. K__________ p__ a__________ f________ K-e-a-j-m-e p-y a-I-e-k-j-n f-e-a-j-. ------------------------------------- Kjegagjemje psy akIjetkIjen fjejagje.
Did you have to pay the bill? У---- (сч-ты---шъу------ -эяг--? У____ (_______ ш________ ф______ У-с-р (-ч-т-р- ш-у-ы-ь-н ф-я-ъ-? -------------------------------- Уасэр (счетыр) шъутыжьын фэягъа? 0
Kjega-j---- psy -----tk-jen--j-j-g-e. K__________ p__ a__________ f________ K-e-a-j-m-e p-y a-I-e-k-j-n f-e-a-j-. ------------------------------------- Kjegagjemje psy akIjetkIjen fjejagje.
Did you have to pay an entrance fee? ЧIэх--пк-э--ъ--ын-фае----угъ--ъа? Ч_________ ш_____ ф___ х_________ Ч-э-ь-п-I- ш-у-ы- ф-е- х-у-ъ-г-а- --------------------------------- ЧIэхьапкIэ шъутын фаеу хъугъагъа? 0
Kjega-j-mje --y -k--e-k---n f-e---je. K__________ p__ a__________ f________ K-e-a-j-m-e p-y a-I-e-k-j-n f-e-a-j-. ------------------------------------- Kjegagjemje psy akIjetkIjen fjejagje.
Did you have to pay a fine? Т-зы- ---т-н -----хъуг-агъа? Т____ ш_____ ф___ х_________ Т-з-р ш-у-ы- ф-е- х-у-ъ-г-а- ---------------------------- Тазыр шъутын фаеу хъугъагъа? 0
Unje- ----eIy----h--n -j-ja-je. U____ k______________ f________ U-j-r k-z-e-y-h-z-'-n f-e-a-j-. ------------------------------- Unjer kyzjeIythyzh'yn fjejagje.
Who had to say goodbye? Х-т- «хъя--Iэ- --эз---н-фа-- х-у-ъэр? Х___ «________ к_______ ф___ х_______ Х-т- «-ъ-р-I-» к-э-ы-о- ф-е- х-у-ъ-р- ------------------------------------- Хэта «хъяркIэ» къэзыIон фаеу хъугъэр? 0
H'-ku-s--ku-je- kj-t---a-Iyzh'---j- fj--ag--. H______________ k__________________ f________ H-a-u-s-y-u-j-r k-e-t-'-k-y-h-y-h-e f-e-a-j-. --------------------------------------------- H'aku-shykuhjer kjetth'akIyzh'ynhje fjejagje.
Who had to go home early? Хэ-- жьэ- ---жь ------- -ае--хъ-гъэр? Х___ ж___ я____ к______ ф___ х_______ Х-т- ж-э- я-э-ь к-о-ь-н ф-е- х-у-ъ-р- ------------------------------------- Хэта жьэу ядэжь кIожьын фаеу хъугъэр? 0
Ua--er -----t--) -h-t-zh'---fj----a? U_____ (________ s_________ f_______ U-s-e- (-c-e-y-) s-u-y-h-y- f-e-a-a- ------------------------------------ Uasjer (schetyr) shutyzh'yn fjejaga?
Who had to take the train? Х--а--э-I--ум и------а- ---- хъу-ъэ-? Х___ м_______ и________ ф___ х_______ Х-т- м-ш-о-у- и-I-с-ь-н ф-е- х-у-ъ-р- ------------------------------------- Хэта мэшIокум итIысхьан фаеу хъугъэр? 0
Ch--e-----Ije -h-ty---a-u ----ga? C____________ s_____ f___ h______ C-I-e-'-p-I-e s-u-y- f-e- h-g-g-? --------------------------------- ChIjeh'apkIje shutyn faeu hugaga?
We did not want to stay long. Т--б--э---к---ы-т-I--гъу---эп. Т_ б___ т______ т_____________ Т- б-р- т-к-э-ы т-I-и-ъ-а-ъ-п- ------------------------------ Тэ бэрэ тыкъэты тшIоигъуагъэп. 0
T-z----hu-y---a-- -ugaga? T____ s_____ f___ h______ T-z-r s-u-y- f-e- h-g-g-? ------------------------- Tazyr shutyn faeu hugaga?
We did not want to drink anything. Т--з-ми---шъо--ш-----у-гъэ-. Т_ з___ т____ т_____________ Т- з-м- т-ш-о т-I-и-ъ-а-ъ-п- ---------------------------- Тэ зыми тешъо тшIоигъуагъэп. 0
Taz-r-s-ut-- -ae--h-g---? T____ s_____ f___ h______ T-z-r s-u-y- f-e- h-g-g-? ------------------------- Tazyr shutyn faeu hugaga?
We did not want to disturb you. Т--д-ъэг-м-к-----у-т-I-и-ъуа-ъэ-. Т_ д______________ т_____________ Т- д-ъ-г-м-к-ы-х-у т-I-и-ъ-а-ъ-п- --------------------------------- Тэ дгъэгумэкIынхэу тшIоигъуагъэп. 0
T-zyr-sh-tyn -aeu h---g-? T____ s_____ f___ h______ T-z-r s-u-y- f-e- h-g-g-? ------------------------- Tazyr shutyn faeu hugaga?
I just wanted to make a call. Сэ ---ефонкI---ыт----ш-о--ъ----. С_ т_________ с____ с___________ С- т-л-ф-н-I- с-т-о с-I-и-ъ-а-ъ- -------------------------------- Сэ телефонкIэ сытео сшIоигъуагъ. 0
H-et- -hjar-Ije» --e--Io- faeu hu----? H____ «_________ k_______ f___ h______ H-e-a «-j-r-I-e- k-e-y-o- f-e- h-g-e-? -------------------------------------- Hjeta «hjarkIje» kjezyIon faeu hugjer?
I just wanted to call a taxi. Сэ --к----ыуб--ы сшI-игъ-агъ. С_ т____ с______ с___________ С- т-к-и с-у-ы-ы с-I-и-ъ-а-ъ- ----------------------------- Сэ такси сыубыты сшIоигъуагъ. 0
Hjeta «--arkI-e» kj-----n-fa------j-r? H____ «_________ k_______ f___ h______ H-e-a «-j-r-I-e- k-e-y-o- f-e- h-g-e-? -------------------------------------- Hjeta «hjarkIje» kjezyIon faeu hugjer?
Actually I wanted to drive home. Сэ--а--жь-сык-о-ь- -шI-и-ъ-аг-. С_ т_____ с_______ с___________ С- т-д-ж- с-к-о-ь- с-I-и-ъ-а-ъ- ------------------------------- Сэ тадэжь сыкIожьы сшIоигъуагъ. 0
H-e---«h-ar----- -j-z-I-n-f-e---u-je-? H____ «_________ k_______ f___ h______ H-e-a «-j-r-I-e- k-e-y-o- f-e- h-g-e-? -------------------------------------- Hjeta «hjarkIje» kjezyIon faeu hugjer?
I thought you wanted to call your wife. Сэ уишъ--аг-ус- т-ле---кI- -д--у-уI---ш-о-гъуагъэу--ъ-с--ошIыгъ. С_ у___________ т_________ у________ п____________ к____________ С- у-ш-х-а-ъ-с- т-л-ф-н-I- у-э-у-у-э п-I-и-ъ-а-ъ-у к-ы-ш-о-I-г-. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Сэ уишъхьагъусэ телефонкIэ удэгущуIэ пшIоигъуагъэу къысшIошIыгъ. 0
Hje-a -h'jeu -a-j-zh----o------fa---h--jer? H____ z_____ j_______ k_______ f___ h______ H-e-a z-'-e- j-d-e-h- k-o-h-y- f-e- h-g-e-? ------------------------------------------- Hjeta zh'jeu jadjezh' kIozh'yn faeu hugjer?
I thought you wanted to call information. Сэ--ж--ап----эбг-отырэ--юр-м те--фо-кIэ уафы---щ--къ-с-Iо--ы-ъ. С_ д_____ з___________ б____ т_________ у________ к____________ С- д-э-а- з-д-б-ъ-т-р- б-р-м т-л-ф-н-I- у-ф-т-о-т к-ы-ш-о-I-г-. --------------------------------------------------------------- Сэ джэуап зыдэбгъотырэ бюром телефонкIэ уафытеощт къысшIошIыгъ. 0
Hj----mjeshI--um i-I-sh'an fa-- h----r? H____ m_________ i________ f___ h______ H-e-a m-e-h-o-u- i-I-s-'-n f-e- h-g-e-? --------------------------------------- Hjeta mjeshIokum itIysh'an faeu hugjer?
I thought you wanted to order a pizza. С- пицц---ъ-бг-э-ь--э--уф--гъэ--къ-сш---I--ъ. С_ п____ к____________ у_______ к____________ С- п-ц-э к-я-г-э-ь-н-у у-э-г-э- к-ы-ш-о-I-г-. --------------------------------------------- Сэ пиццэ къябгъэхьынэу уфэягъэу къысшIошIыгъ. 0
Tj--b-e-j- -ykj--y ------g--g--p. T__ b_____ t______ t_____________ T-e b-e-j- t-k-e-y t-h-o-g-a-j-p- --------------------------------- Tje bjerje tykjety tshIoiguagjep.

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Big letters, big feelings

Advertising uses a lot of pictures. Pictures awaken our particular interests. We look at them longer and more intently than letters. As a result, we remember advertisements with pictures better. Pictures also produce strong emotional reactions. The brain recognizes pictures very quickly. It knows immediately what can be seen in the picture. Letters function differently than pictures. They are abstract characters. Therefore, our brain reacts slower to letters. First, it must understand the meaning of the word. One might say the characters must be translated by the language part of the brain. But emotions can be produced using letters too. The text just needs to be very large. Studies show that big letters have a big effect as well. Large letters aren't just more noticeable than small letters. They also produce a stronger emotional reaction. This is true for positive as well as negative feelings. The size of things has always been important to mankind. Man must react quickly to danger. And when something is large, it's usually already quite close! So it's understandable that large pictures cause strong reactions. Less clear is how we react to large letters. Letters aren't actually a signal for the brain. Despite this, it shows greater activity when it sees large letters. This result is very interesting to scientists. It shows how important letters have become for us. Our brain has somehow learned how to react to writing…