Phrasebook

em Big – small   »   ur ‫بڑا – چھوٹا‬

68 [sixty-eight]

Big – small

Big – small

‫68 [اڑسٹھ]‬

arsath

‫بڑا – چھوٹا‬

bara chhota

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big and small ‫----------وٹ-‬ ‫___ ا__ چ_____ ‫-ڑ- ا-ر چ-و-ا- --------------- ‫بڑا اور چھوٹا‬ 0
b------h-ta b___ c_____ b-r- c-h-t- ----------- bara chhota
The elephant is big. ‫---ھی-ب-ا ہ- -‬ ‫_____ ب__ ہ_ -_ ‫-ا-ھ- ب-ا ہ- -- ---------------- ‫ہاتھی بڑا ہے -‬ 0
b-ra--h-o-a b___ c_____ b-r- c-h-t- ----------- bara chhota
The mouse is small. ‫-و-- چھ-ٹا ہے--‬ ‫____ چ____ ہ_ -_ ‫-و-ا چ-و-ا ہ- -- ----------------- ‫چوہا چھوٹا ہے -‬ 0
ba-a-----ch-o-a b___ a__ c_____ b-r- a-r c-h-t- --------------- bara aur chhota
dark and bright ‫-ند--را---ا-ا------شن-‬ ‫_______ – ا____ (______ ‫-ن-ھ-ر- – ا-ا-ہ (-و-ن-‬ ------------------------ ‫اندھیرا – اجالہ (روشن)‬ 0
bar--au- c--ota b___ a__ c_____ b-r- a-r c-h-t- --------------- bara aur chhota
The night is dark. ‫را- ا---یر- ہ---‬ ‫___ ا______ ہ_ -_ ‫-ا- ا-د-ی-ی ہ- -- ------------------ ‫رات اندھیری ہے -‬ 0
b--a --- chho-a b___ a__ c_____ b-r- a-r c-h-t- --------------- bara aur chhota
The day is bright. ‫-ن -و-ن-ہے--‬ ‫__ ر___ ہ_ -_ ‫-ن ر-ش- ہ- -- -------------- ‫دن روشن ہے -‬ 0
hath- ba---h-- - h____ b___ h__ - h-t-i b-r- h-i - ---------------- hathi bara hai -
old and young ‫بوڑ-ا------وا-‬ ‫_____ ا__ ج____ ‫-و-ھ- ا-ر ج-ا-‬ ---------------- ‫بوڑھا اور جوان‬ 0
ha-hi-b----h---- h____ b___ h__ - h-t-i b-r- h-i - ---------------- hathi bara hai -
Our grandfather is very old. ‫ہ-ار- ---ا-بہ- ----- ہی- -‬ ‫_____ د___ ب__ ب____ ہ__ -_ ‫-م-ر- د-د- ب-ت ب-ڑ-ے ہ-ں -- ---------------------------- ‫ہمارے دادا بہت بوڑھے ہیں -‬ 0
ha-h- ba-a-hai - h____ b___ h__ - h-t-i b-r- h-i - ---------------- hathi bara hai -
70 years ago he was still young. ‫-تر--ا--پہلے--ہ---ا- ت-- -‬ ‫___ س__ پ___ و_ ج___ ت__ -_ ‫-ت- س-ل پ-ل- و- ج-ا- ت-ے -- ---------------------------- ‫ستر سال پہلے وہ جوان تھے -‬ 0
ch-oh---hho-----i-- c_____ c_____ h__ - c-o-h- c-h-t- h-i - ------------------- chooha chhota hai -
beautiful and ugly ‫خ----ر--اور--د-ور-‬ ‫_______ ا__ ب______ ‫-و-ص-ر- ا-ر ب-ص-ر-‬ -------------------- ‫خوبصورت اور بدصورت‬ 0
chooha -h-ota-ha- - c_____ c_____ h__ - c-o-h- c-h-t- h-i - ------------------- chooha chhota hai -
The butterfly is beautiful. ‫ت-ل----ب-و-- -- -‬ ‫____ خ______ ہ_ -_ ‫-ت-ی خ-ب-و-ت ہ- -- ------------------- ‫تتلی خوبصورت ہے -‬ 0
c-oo-a---ho-- --i - c_____ c_____ h__ - c-o-h- c-h-t- h-i - ------------------- chooha chhota hai -
The spider is ugly. ‫--ڑ--ب----ت-ہے--‬ ‫____ ب_____ ہ_ -_ ‫-ک-ی ب-ص-ر- ہ- -- ------------------ ‫مکڑی بدصورت ہے -‬ 0
a--he-- -j--- - --s--- ) a______ u____ ( r_____ ) a-d-e-a u-a-l ( r-s-a- ) ------------------------ andhera ujaal ( roshan )
fat and thin ‫موٹ- ا-ر-----‬ ‫____ ا__ د____ ‫-و-ا ا-ر د-ل-‬ --------------- ‫موٹا اور دبلا‬ 0
a-dh--------l ( r--han ) a______ u____ ( r_____ ) a-d-e-a u-a-l ( r-s-a- ) ------------------------ andhera ujaal ( roshan )
A woman who weighs a hundred kilos is fat. ‫-و ک-و وز- -- --رت-موٹی -وتی-ہ---‬ ‫__ ک__ و__ ک_ ع___ م___ ہ___ ہ_ -_ ‫-و ک-و و-ن ک- ع-ر- م-ٹ- ہ-ت- ہ- -- ----------------------------------- ‫سو کلو وزن کی عورت موٹی ہوتی ہے -‬ 0
andhe-a-----l-- r---a--) a______ u____ ( r_____ ) a-d-e-a u-a-l ( r-s-a- ) ------------------------ andhera ujaal ( roshan )
A man who weighs fifty kilos is thin. ‫-چ-س-کلو-و-- -- --- ---ا-ہو-ا-ہے--‬ ‫____ ک__ و__ ک_ م__ د___ ہ___ ہ_ -_ ‫-چ-س ک-و و-ن ک- م-د د-ل- ہ-ت- ہ- -- ------------------------------------ ‫پچاس کلو وزن کا مرد دبلا ہوتا ہے -‬ 0
r--t-a-d--r--h---- r___ a______ h__ - r-a- a-d-e-i h-i - ------------------ raat andheri hai -
expensive and cheap ‫م---ا-اور--س-ا‬ ‫_____ ا__ س____ ‫-ہ-گ- ا-ر س-ت-‬ ---------------- ‫مہنگا اور سستا‬ 0
r-at a--he-i-ha- - r___ a______ h__ - r-a- a-d-e-i h-i - ------------------ raat andheri hai -
The car is expensive. ‫گ--ی ---گی-ہ- -‬ ‫____ م____ ہ_ -_ ‫-ا-ی م-ن-ی ہ- -- ----------------- ‫گاڑی مہنگی ہے -‬ 0
ra-t-and-eri --- - r___ a______ h__ - r-a- a-d-e-i h-i - ------------------ raat andheri hai -
The newspaper is cheap. ‫----- س----ہ---‬ ‫_____ س___ ہ_ -_ ‫-خ-ا- س-ت- ہ- -- ----------------- ‫اخبار سستا ہے -‬ 0
d-n -os-an--a--- d__ r_____ h__ - d-n r-s-a- h-i - ---------------- din roshan hai -

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Code-switching

More and more people are growing up bilingual. They can speak more than one language. Many of these people often switch languages. They decide which language to use depending on the situation. For example, they speak a different language at work than at home. By doing so, they adapt themselves to their environment. But there is also the possibility of switching languages spontaneously. This phenomenon is called code-switching . In code-switching, the language gets switched in the middle of speaking. There could be many reasons why speakers switch languages. Often, they don't find the appropriate word in one language. They can express themselves better in the other language. It can also be that the speaker feels more confident in one of the languages. They use this language for private or personal things. Sometimes a certain word doesn't exist in a language. In this case the speaker must switch languages. Or they switch languages so that they aren't understood. In that case code-switching works like a secret language. Earlier, mixing languages was criticized. It was thought that the speaker couldn't speak either language correctly. Today it is viewed differently. Code-switching is recognized as a special linguistic competence. It can be interesting to observe speakers using code-switching. Often, they don't just switch the language they're speaking. Other communicative elements change as well. Many speak faster, louder or more accentuated in the other language. Or they suddenly use more gestures and facial expressions. In this way, code-switching is always a little bit of culture-switching too…